Battle Of Leyte Gulf History Essay

Battle Of Leyte Gulf History Essay The Battle of Leyte Gulf (Oct. 23-26, 1944) was a naval engagement between the forces of the Imperial Navy of Japan and the United States Navy. The United States planned to retake the Philippine Islands from the Japanese Empire as they saw the islands as a vital naval base of operations to start its island hopping campaign. By taking the islands, the American forces can launch a direct naval assault on the islands near the Japanese homeland. Expecting an invasion, Japanese forces launched its forces towards Leyte Gulf where Americans are bound to land its troops to start the liberation. However, the navy suffered heavy losses during previous naval engagements leaving them with a numerical disadvantage. In the ensuing battle, American fighters successfully inflicted heavy damages to the Japanese fleet forcing them to retreat. With the threat of a Japanese intrusion on the American transports gone, troops were able to land on Leyte paving a way to the eventual liberation of the rest of the Philippine Islands. The Japanese suffered heavy losses on its part allowing the United States to start invading the Philippines and elimina te any naval threats in the Pacific from the Japanese Navy. Battle of Midway Island The Battle of Midway Island (June 3, 1942) marked the first major naval victory against the Imperial Navy of Japan turning the tide of the war on the side of the Americans. The Japanese planned to invade Midway Island as the islands were strategically placed in the middle of the Pacific Ocean thus, expanding Japans defensive perimeters by adding a naval base in its arsenal more closer to the US. They also hoped that the aircraft carriers of the United States that missed the attack on Pearl Harbor would be lured in to engage the Japanese fleet in a counter attack. The Japaneses main goal was to finally wipe out the entire Pacific fleet of the United States rendering the country useless as Japan expand its Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere; the Japanese plan to bring Northeast and Southeast Asia under its rule. Unknown to the Japanese fleet, United States intelligence successfully decrypted the Japanese plan to invade Midway. They sent three aircraft carriers, Hornet, Yorktown, and Enterprise to ambush the Japanese fleet. The resulting naval engagement proved to be disastrous to the Japanese forces as they were caught off guard when US fighters attac ked the vulnerable fleet. Four of its aircraft carriers were destroyed and dozens of veteran aircraft pilots killed. Japanese Admiral Yamamoto was forced to abandon the invasion of Midway. The battle marked the first major naval victory of the Americans. It was a great loss to the Japanese Empire losing four of its greatest aircraft carriers crippling the navys capability to battle on par with the United States. Battle of the Philippine Sea June 19, 1944 The Battle of the Philippine Sea was a naval battle between the opposing forces of the United States and Japan. Marianas Turkey Shoot. It was considered to be the greatest carrier battle in history. The battle started when the Americans led its naval fleet towards the Marianas Islands to retake it from the Japanese. Because losing the Marianas meant that the defenses of the Philippines and Japan itself will lessen, the Imperial Navy decided to challenge the American fleet. It resulted in a decisive American victory and a great defeat to the navy of Japan. One contributing factor that led to Japans defeat was its inexperienced fighters and aging fighter planes. Battle of Iwo Jima February 19-March 26, 1945 One of the last battles on the Pacific Theatre between the forces of United States and Japan. As the United States acquired more and more islands Japan previously controlled, it became obvious that the tide of the war is turning on the side of the Americans. However, in order for Japan to surrender the United States needed to invade the Japanese home islands. Americans moved their sights on the island of Iwo Jima. The island was strategically important because of its potential refueling base and emergency landing field for its fleet of bombers. On February 19, 1945 after shelling the island for 74 days, US marines landed on the island to wrestle its control from Japanese forces. The American forces after suffering heavy casualties finally succeeded in taking over the island on March 26, 1945 after 36 days of fighting. The Battle of Iwo Jima was a turning point in the Pacific War as it resulted in the deteriorating of Japanese supremacy in the Pacific. Iwo Jima subsequently became the stepping point for the last and largest engagement between the Japanese and United States. Ba ttle of Okinawa. Battle of Okinawa April 1-June 22, 1945 The last and largest engagement between the forces of the United States and Japanese imperial forces. Okinawa Island was the largest in the Ryukyu Islands being of great importance as it was located just south of the Japanese main islands. The United States sought to take it from Japanese forces to launch raids on the archipelago, Japans home islands. American forces were numerically superior to that of the Japanese-287,000 against 130,000 troops. The battle resulted in massive casualties in both sides. The Japanese defenders fought bravely against its invaders and even using fanatical tactics to try do defeat American forces. Such tactics included Kamikazes, intentional ramming of Japanese fighter planes on American ships. In a desperate bid to defend the island, Japan launched Operation Ten Go. Japan sent the battleship Yamato, the largest and most armed battleship in history as a suicide attempt to destroy as many American ships as possible. Unfortunately, American submarines quic kly spotted the ship and destroyed it before reaching the island. The battle continued on for many weeks and only ending after the Japanese garrison had been exhausted. The whole troops of Japan were wiped out including some 150,000 civilians. In the American side 13,000 were dead and 37,000 wounded. The unwillingness to give up showed by the Japanese forced the then-president Truman to allow the use of the atomic bomb to finally end the war. Battle of Wake Island Japanese fleet launched an invasion on a small atoll called Wake Island. Though they were unsuccessful in their first attacks, the eventual assaults this time by a larger Japanese fleet forced the defenders to surrender. Battle of Java Sea The battle was a decisive Japanese victory against the forces of the Allies which included the US, Britain and the Netherlands. The Japanese fleet was better organized and deployed constant air attacks demoralizing the Allies. In the end, Japan was able to invade the island of Java extending its empires reach in Southeast Asia once more. Doolittle Raids The Doolittle Raids were the first air raid conducted by the United States on the Japanese Home Islands. On April 18, 1942 sixteen bombers launched from aircraft carrier USS Hornet flew to Japan in a mission to destroy strategic locations and boost American morale after the Attack on Pearl Harbor. Though, no sufficient damage was made it forced Japanese military to strengthen the defenses around the home islands, bringing back its powerful aircraft fleet to defend the islands. It also justified the Japanese invasion on Midway island .They believed that the bombers came from that island and if left untouched, it would pose a threat to Japan. The raids damaged the governments prestige and in the ensuing battle in Midway hurt Japans overall prestige. Bataan Death March After the invasion of the Philippines by the Empire of Japan, some 75,000 American and Filipino forces surrendered after the loss in the Battle of Bataan. On April 9, 1942 Japanese forces forced march these prisoner of war (POW) to a prison camp about 63 miles away from Bataan. They were robbed of their belongings and were mistreated severely during the march. Prisoners were beaten harshly and most of the time for no apparent reason. Those who tried to get a drink of water were quickly executed. Eventually, the sides of the roads became littered with dead bodies. En route to the camp, about 7,000-10,000 died while others escaped to the jungle. Only 54,000 reached the camp. Battle of Coral Sea May 7-8, 1942 Japan planned an invasion on Port Moresby to try to keep the United States from helping Australia. Allied intelligence knew of the attack so they sent a task force to try to repulse the invasion. The Battle of Coral Sea marked the first time the Japanese failed to complete its mission in the war. The result of the Coral Sea engagement was that neither side won the battle completely. Japan won a tactical victory as it was able to sink more ships than the Americans. The United States won a strategic victory as Japan failed to complete its invasion. Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki After the bloody engagement in the island of Okinawa, President Truman was forced to make a choice in the future of the war in the Pacific. With Germany defeated in Europe, all that stands in ending World War II is Japan. Truman knew after the Battle of Okinawa that Japan will fight to the end if ever American forces begin to invade the Japanese home islands. The casualties of such attack would be considerably high and it would only prolong the war. Refusing to throw away the lives of American soldiers, Truman agreed over moral reservations that using the Atomic bomb would quickly put an end to the war without any major American casualty. With Japans refusal to accept the Potsdam Declaration which stated that Japan will end in prompt and utter destruction if they do not surrender, the plan went into effect. On August 6, Enola Gay the bomber dropped the atomic bomb (Little Boy) on the city of Hiroshima. The bomb exploded 2,000 feet above Hiroshima destroying large parts of the city. W ithin minutes, the radiation effects caused by the bomb had killed 70,000-80,000 people. Another bomb was dropped (Fat Man) when the Japanese government still refused to surrender this time on the city of Nagasaki. 60,000-80,000 people were killed. Guadalcanal Campaign August 7, 1942-February 9, 1943 The Guadalcanal Island is a part of the Solomon Islands, a series of small islands 500 miles northeast of Australia. At the start of the war, Japan controlled much of the Solomon including Guadalcanal. The airbase in Guadalcanal was important to strengthen the sea lines of communication between Australia and United States. On August 7, the Allied troops landed on the shores of the islands and quickly captured an unfinished Japanese airstrip renaming it Henderson Field. Japanese reinforcements arrived and both sides battled viciously for the control of the island. Battles were done on air, land and sea for many months with heavy casualties on either side. As Allied forces grew increasingly in numbers, Japan launched a counteroffensive to retakes the islands from Allied forces. By November 15, the Allied forces decisively defeated Japanese but not without suffering major casualties. By mid-February Japan was forced to evacuate the island allowing the Allied forces to control the island . The battle was important to the war because it was the first major land defeat of the Japanese forces and ended any further expansion attempts. It was considered to be the first in a long series of battles that ultimately brought the United States on the Japanese home islands. Attack on Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 The United States had emplaced economic sanctions and embargo on Japan ever since it started its expansion towards China. Without essential supplies America believed it would stop its territorial acquisitions in Asia. Japan however did not agree on negotiations with the United States. Because oil reserves are running out, Japan needed to acquire lands rich with natural resources in the Pacific to support its extending empire in Asia. With this in mind, Japan would directly attack the military of the United States situated in Pearl Harbor to eliminate a possible counter offensive when it starts to acquire other territories especially the Philippine islands. Japan hoped that by destroying the Pacific Fleet of the United States, it would leave them unopposed in expanding its empire. On December 7, 1941 launched 6 of its aircraft carriers with hundreds of aircraft to Pearl Harbor for a surprise attack. Caught unaware, the ships moored in the bay were destroyed one by one as Japanese figh ter planes and bombers dropped a barrage of bombs and bullets. Overall damages to the fleet were high; most of the battleships destroyed along with hundreds of aircraft. The following day, the United States declared war on Japan. After three days, Germany and Italy, Japans allies declared war on the United States. Though it had destroyed the majority of the battleships of the Pacific Fleet, Japan failed to destroy the United States aircraft carriers at that time located on the main land. The battleships had become obsolete at the start of World War II which Japan still see as more important than aircraft power. The United States was forced to use its fleet of aircraft carriers to wage war on the Pacific, a major oversight of Japan which ultimately led to victories on the Pacific.

Cellbazaar, Burgeoning Mobile Marketplace of Bangladesh

CellBazaar, Burgeoning Mobile Marketplace of Bangladesh Abstract CellBazaar, MIT Media Lab project, is the biggest mobile based online marketplace in Bangladesh. It is nothing but a platform that contains the information of its customers who are willing to sell their products or services and buyers or people at large go through that information posted by the sellers to search out the product serve their interest best. Cellbazaar is in service industry as well as in IT industry.The main goal of providing service of this organization is to provide error free services to the customer and to fulfill that goal all the activities are run in the organization. Section One: Introduction CellBazaar, often called the Mobile Craigslist of Bangladesh, has provided a martketplace to buy and sell goods and service to Bangladeshis for three and a half years now. Since then, the service has grown and has now user base of just under 4 million. Cell Bazaar processes 1000 posts/day, and founder Kamal Qa dir was chosen by the World Economic Forum as a Young Global Leader in 2009.It started its operation in June 2006 that allows people to buy and sell over mobile phones. Nearly 23 million Grameenphone users can buy any agricultural product, such as rice, fish, or chicken, as well as large-scale purchases like an apartment, land, or car, and consumer goods such as a television or refrigerator. People can also offer services, like tutoring, house rent etc. The service is run by the customers: they post items for sale, delete items after they are sold, adjust prices if items fail to sell, and do much more besides.Initially started working in mobile phone platform now it has entered into the Web platform to reach the global audience. Section Two: Overview of Cellbazaar in Bangladesh 2. 1 Idea Generation Kamal Quadir, Bangladeshi by born, originally designed CellBazaar at MIT as a graduate student. In developing countries, the limits on communication technology hinder business. People mus t travel great distances to get market information. Isolated and uninformed, farmers, traders and business people have little information, and thus no power to bargain with middlemen.CellBazaar was devised to solve this problem. Using this platform, everyone gathers market information so they can make smart business decisions. In the process they provide a birds’ eye view of the entire market for both sellers and buyers (Qadir K. & Mohaiemen N. , 2009). 2. 2 Formation Kamal Quadir registered CellBazaar as a U. S. business and moved into rapid-action mode. He raised the necessary capital from Omidyar Network, Barred Rock Capital and Gray Matters Capital in the U. S.Soon, they had registered the company as a Foreign Direct Investor—a process which is normally quite byzantine in Bangladesh had filed a patent application with the Bangladesh patent office, and had signed an exclusive partnership with Grameenphone, the country’s largest mobile operator with 60% market share (Qadir K. & Mohaiemen N. , 2009). 2. 3 Growth of Cellbazaar Over the year 2010, Grameenphone is the largest mobile phone operator in Bangladesh with over 23 million subscribers.Dubbed the â€Å"Craigslist of Bangladesh†, it is a mobile application that brings buyers and sellers together in a mobile environment where they can publish and retrieve information on goods or services. 35,396 posts for multiple products in 141 categories are available for viewing, ranging from livestock to education services to agri-produce to electronics. Users pay standard SMS, WAP and voice rates to access the service. Accodring to the world’s number one web site rating organization Alexa the web page of the CellBazar is in the 53th position in Bangladesh and its 98. % of the browse are made from Bangladesh. According to the www. alexa. com (viewed 16 December 2010, at BDT 2:58 pm) daily page viewed of cellbazaar is 13,011 and its daily advertisement cost is $238. 12. The diversity of products posted has resulted in constant innovation and change. As the company grows and matures, it looks set to be the first Internet model startup in Bangladesh’s history, with global media interest, local imitators, overseas expansion plans, and international-standard management and staffing. 2. Platform of Operation (http://corp. cellbazaar. com/) Short Message Service (SMS): SMS has been phenomenally popular since its introduction in Bangladesh. CellBazaar leverages the simple, widespread power of SMS to bring the market to phone. Wireless Application Protocol (WAP): WAP is the next generation of mobile phone technology. 12% of all mobile sets in Bangladesh are already WAP-enabled, and this number is growing rapidly. WAP provides an even faster experience as you browse a simple graphic menu to access the entire market space.WEB: WEB version shows the entire market at a glance on computer screen. Anyone with internet access can browse the market, and post items for sa le. Interactive Voice Response (IVR): Any Grameenphone user can dial 3838 and listen to the latest items on the market in Bengali. After dialing 3838, users choose from 8 categories: Jobs, Mobile Phones, Agriculture, Motorcycle, Car, Electronics, Computers, and To-Let. Every few hours, users will hear new information through this service. 2. 5 Partners (http://corp. ellbazaar. com/) Grameenphone (GP): Grameenphone is the largest mobile telecommunication operator in Bangladesh by revenue and subscribers base. It incorporated on October 10, 1996 as a private limited company and commenced service on the independence day of Bangladesh- March 26, 1997. Grameenphone Community Information Centre (GP CIC): It is a shared premise for both Cellbazaar and GP. Katalyst: Katalyst aims at poverty reduction via private sector growth, mainly through small & medium enterprises (SME) development.KATALYST is funded by DFID, SDC, Swedish Sida and Canadian CIDA and is implemented by Swisscontact and GTZ International Services and works together with the Bangladesh Ministry of Commerce Thakral: It is a Joint Venture between the Thakral Group of Singapore (operating in 30 countries) and Esquire Group of Bangladesh. Thakral is IBM's exclusive representative in Bangladesh and works on software development on mainframes, data warehousing, etc. BracNet provides enterprise organizations with a high-speed dedicated Internet access via a Cisco Powered backbone engineered for mission critical data.It is an affiliation of Brac, the world’s largest non-government organization BRAC Bank Limited (BBL): BBL with institutional shareholdings by BRAC, International Finance Corporation (IFC) and Shorecap International has been the fastest growing Bank in 2004 and 2005. The Bank operates under a â€Å"double bottom line† agenda where profit and social responsibility go hand in hand as it strives towards a poverty-free, enlightened Bangladesh. Prothom Alo: Bangla daily newspaper â€Å"P rothom Alo† is Bangladesh's largest circulation Bengali language newspaper and a key influence on cultural trends.CellBazaar provides Prothom Alo classifieds on the mobile phone. The Daily Star: English daily newspaper â€Å"The daily Star† is Bangladesh's largest circulation English language newspaper. CellBazaar provides Daily Star classifieds on the mobile phone. Section Three: Conclusion and Recommendation 3. 1 Conclusion CellBazaar is a virtual marketplace that allows buyers and sellers to connect with one another and buy and sell goods and services using their mobile phones.CellBazaar enables entrepreneurs and small businesses in Bangladesh to start and grow operations in a market that wouldn't otherwise be available in their local community, thereby creating jobs, stimulating the economy, and delivering products and services that improve the lives of millions of poor people. The service is not just mobile classified ads but a social development service. It cuts o uts the middlemen for buyers and sellers which means more profit and savings for them. 3. 2 Recommendation CellBazaar successfully provides over 3. million buyers and sellers in Bangladesh masses of market information at their fingertips, unlike similar environments in developing markets. However, CellBazaar is limited to search facilities only. Its effectiveness in providing users with the full potential of mCommerce is restricted by two key factors: 1. A lack of a secure and trusted payment method to complete transactions on the system; and 2. A lack of cost-effective, reliable infrastructure to permit delivery of goods to take place through the system.In addition, a critical success factor that is required in order to enable transactions to be completed on the system is trust between parties: trust that sellers will deliver goods that fit the description and quality standards previously communicated, and trust that the buyer will make the payment. In other more sophisticated cell bazaar trusts is ensured by feedback mechanisms; this includes buyer and seller ratings, comment facilities, etc. A lack of policies which offer some kind of safeguards, should there be a breach in trust by either party will deter parties from engaging in transactions in an eMarketplace.References 1. Qadir K. & Mohaiemen N. , â€Å"Cellbazar: A Market in your Packet†, innovation/mobile world congress, 2009, pp. 59-71 2. Stevenson. J. W. , â€Å"Operation Management†, McGraw-Hill Irwin, 2009, pp. 397-471 3. http://corp. cellbazaar. com/ 4. www. wikipedia. org 5. www. alexa. com 6. CB Amazon – lirneasia. net ———————– WEB IVR WAP SMS Platform GP BRAC Net Thakral Katalyst GPCIC Prothom Alo The Daily Star BRAC Bank Content Partners Technological Partners Educational Partners Core Partners Partners

If A Social Security Act Were Being Built Today - 904 Words

If a Social Security Act were being built today, I think it would look much different from the version that was created in 1935. There are many factors that have changed dramatically, and while there have been updates along the way in an attempt to address them, the program has still lagged behind to cause some to question its effectiveness and longevity. The very idea that government would be intervening in something that has such a large economic impact on the economy is frightening, but I do not feel we can rely on a system without Social Security. Today people live longer, has less saving, and right or wrong, have a higher expectation of living than people did decades ago. We live in a civilized country that contributes to helping others throughout the world, would we turn on back on our elderly or hope that someone else will find a solution? The idea of keeping government out and allowing a private solution sounds great, but ultimately I feel the problem will shift onto the citizens. In order to have the security we desire, some of our freedoms need to be given up. There are specific roles for which government action is unavoidable which Ryan Messmore points out, such as protection, national security, and federal social programs. On the contrary, he also points out that with that, the government holds too much power to influence citizens. He states, â€Å"The powers to pass laws and collect taxes entail the power to define, to some extent, the terms of publicShow MoreRelatedSocial Security And Economic Security1311 Words   |  6 Pages In 2033 a retiree with the average Social Security benefits of $1,294 will only receive 77% of this number or $996. This average retiree pays the average monthly costs for a single adult in Grand Rapids, Michigan of $1,323. This shows Social Security benefits today are sinking below the amount necessary to live. In the case the benefits are cut further, living on benefits will be impossible. This stays true to the 20% of retirees who rely on Social Security for all of their income. To make a trulyRead MoreSocial Security And Economic Security1582 Words   |  7 PagesIn 18 years, Social Security benefits could drop so that millions will not have the money to survive. On the other hand, it could not exist entirely. Social Security funds are sinking due to its history, its inability to obtain funds, and the retirement of the Baby Boomer generation. 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Roosevelt was a big element of theRead MoreThe Social Security Act Of President Franklin D. Roosevelt840 Words   |  4 PagesThe Social Security Act grew out of President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Committee on Economic Security and was signed into law in August of 1935 (Martin Weaver, 2005). The Act created several programs that provide income security to the old-age, unemployed, and families with children (Martin Weaver, 2005). The original Act allowed for provisions to research health insurance, but the Medicare program would not exist until 30 years later (Martin Weaver, 2005). In the early 1930’s the United StatesRead MoreHomelessness As Positively Affected by the McKinney Act1436 Words   |  6 Pages This paper will attempt to explain the plight faced by one of the largest, most vulnerable populations in America today: the homeless, and how the McKinney Act has affected it. 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The Glass-Steagall Banking Act of 1933 and the Emergency Banking Act of 1933 were among the first the New Deal policies. Both acts were aimed to regulate the banking system and to restore people’s faith in banks. The Emergency Banking Act â€Å"gave the secretary of the treasure the power

Genetic Engineering Medical Perfection Or Playing God

Thesis Statement â€Å"Genetic engineering differs from cloning in key ways. Whereas cloning produces genetically exact copies of organisms, genetic engineering refers to processes in which scientists manipulate genes to create purposefully different versions of organisms—and, in some cases, entirely new living things†, duplication of genetic cells is known as human cloning. Development of genetic engineering biotechnologies undermines the natural autonomy of life. Does genetic engineering interfere with God’s natural order or a manipulation of God creation and the intended purpose of our lives? Genetic engineering goes against the theological belief of the authority of God and religion governance order. This new paradigm of genetic engineering reproduction of life as we know is an interference of the creation of God’s and life. I believe if we continue the use of genetic engineering cloning it is against everything we believe in, genetic engineering is not God’ s will and it should be prohibited, GENETIC ENGINEERING: MEDICAL PERFECTION OR PLAYING GOD Genetic engineering is an issue that involves ethical, moral and social choices. With breakthrough research of human genetic engineering and experiments in DNA in medicine, pharmacology, and reproductive technology, DNA a deoxyribonucleic acid, that has a self-replicating chromosomes cell that has genetic information that can be used for to divide, reproduce DNA molecules, that has been used in bioengineering forShow MoreRelatedThe Field Of Reproductive Technology1484 Words   |  6 PagesToday’s culture has a growing fascination with biotechnology and genetic engineering. This is especially true within the field of reproductive technology. 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Genetic engineering that should not be used in humans unless done to prevent or treat disease until it is fully understood since theRead MorePros And Cons Of Genetic Engineering1101 Words   |  5 PagesGenetic engineering brings about great and marvelous things, yet it raised many ethical issues. Some encourage research, while others oppose against such a bizarre idea. Their arguments revolve around impacts on the environment, humans, and social values. This paper seeks to give an account of these issues and present a possible moral compromise. Ecological problems may be caused when genetically engineered species are introduced. It may offset the natural balance of a system and may even lead toRead MoreThe Case Against Perfection by Michael Sandel983 Words   |  4 PagesCase Against Perfection: Ethics in the Age of Genetic Engineering, in which he explains unethical implications biotechnology has and may have in the near future regarding genetic engineering. The ethics behind genetic engineering have been discussed and argued for years now. Some arguing points often include competitive advantages, playing God, and the polarization of society, but Sandel takes a different approach in explaining society’s â€Å"unease† with the morality of genetic engineering. BroadcastedRead MoreHuman Enhancement Should Be Discontinued1627 Words   |  7 Pageshas expanded into new territories trying to achieve human perfection, by using technology to create what they think a perfect baby should be. Genetic Engineering or known to the public as designer babies is a term used to describe the use of technology to modify embryos and choose specific traits that parents want for their newborn. Using this new advance in science should bring concern amongst the people; as efforts to create human perfection can lead to recreating the same ideals and standards ofRead MoreEnglish 112 Essay1677 Words   |  7 PagesDanielle Joseph English 112/ 0002 Maginnes February 26, 2013 Genetic Modified Humans: Is Not Acceptable In the essay, titled Building Baby from the Genes Up? Ronald M. Green proclaims his approval of genetic selection and extraction of human genes. He gives reasons that support his outlook on the matter, that this will be useful to civilization. Ronald M. Green is in violation of several ethical codes, with his view on genetic modification. I am against genetically modified humans, andRead MoreEugenics Advantages And Disadvantages1452 Words   |  6 PagesEugenics is a movement aimed at improving the genetic composition of the human race. The word means well-born or good, well and the term was first coined by Francis Galton in 1883. 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Commentators on this debate argue that it will promote the positivesRead MoreThe Prospect Of Human Genetic Engineering3067 Words   |  13 PagesRafi Ebne Rafi Dr. McKinnis ENG 201 April 8th, 2015 On the Prospect of Human Genetic Engineering In the year of 2013 roughly 7.6 million people died of cancer, 1.5 million people died of AIDS, and another 70,000 of Cystic Fibrosis (â€Å"World Cancer Day†; â€Å"CF Foundation†). What do all these diseases have in common? Modern medicine has no guaranteed way of curing them. The fact of the matter is that we as a society don t know much about these, and some other life threatening diseases. As a resultRead MoreMoral and Ethical Issues in Gene Therapy5753 Words   |  24 PagesMoral and Ethical Issues in Gene Therapy Introduction Genetic research has advanced in a dramatic fashion in the last decade or so, to the point where it has now become possible to attempt therapeutic genetic modification, in a few cases of human genes, where a defects exists which manifests itself in certain serious diseases. This possibility, known as gene therapy, is only in its infancy. At present, no one knows how effective it will prove to be, even in the few conditions on which it is being

Marlows Lack Of Restraint Essay - 1849 Words

In Joseph Conrad’s infamous novella, Heart of Darkness, the narrator listens as Marlow tells his tale of his journey in the Congo, where he comes across many different types of people, all of which he can have hugely varying opinions on. It may seem at first that he simply views the Congolese as less than himself, but his ideas of humanity are far more complex than that, and is not directly tied to race. It is not the people that he despises, but the area they inhabit. He blames their environment and gives it this eminent evil surrounding it. His is an issue with their lack of restraint to the evil and savagery of the world. Marlow’s creation of his own concept of restraint in relation to his journey informs of the major themes and ideas†¦show more content†¦As he approaches Kurtz and continues down the river and further into the Congo, Marlow accumulates around thirty native Congolese people working on his steamboat, and without a real thought he makes the ass umption and conclusion that they are all cannibals. He notes that they bring Hippo meat with them, which according to him quickly goes rotten and has to be thrown overboard. He then says, â€Å"Why in the name of all the gnawing devils of hunger they didn’t go for us—they were thirty to five—and have a good tuck-in for once, amazes me now when I think of it. They were big powerful men, with not much capacity to weigh the consequences, with courage, with strength, even yet... I saw that something restraining, one of those human secrets that baffle probability, had come into play there.† This is one of the only times that Marlow describes the native Congolese people as human. Only through first basing this off several racist stereotypes, Marlow is able for a moment to view the natives as human beings, because, in his own skewed and ridiculous view of them, he believes that they have an incredible amount of restraint to the ‘darkness’ that seems to emanate from the Congo. Their self control and resistance to the savage urges is the quality Marlow believes makes them equal to himself in the sense that they are human beings like himself. This is also telling of the grand misunderstanding of Marlow with his entire experience andShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s The Heart Of Darkness 1801 Words   |  8 Pagesconduct in a restrictive way, such as views on sexual restraint and a low tolerance of crime (Sanders, 2). The Victorian era saw social issues such as child labor and prostitution become issues which influenced societal views on the roles of women in British society (Sanders, 10). These social norms shaped men’s views on women in general, giving rise to the underlining perceptions of female purity and the role of women as homemakers. This essay will examine the role that societal views on women inRead More Reality and Illusion in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay3966 Words   |  16 Pagesthat whi ch is incomprehensible to Marlow. The life of the Africans and the power of the jungle—or the larger reality of humanity—is evil in its incomprehensibility. The supreme morality is restraint, and comprehension of the jungle or acceptance of its incomprehensibility becomes symbolic for the absence of restraint in man. Purpose is good in its comprehensibility. When Marlow speaks derisively of the French man-of-war shelling an invisible ‘enemy’ to no purpose it is because he finds its actions ‘incomprehensibleRead MoreThe Cruelty of Colonialism in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness1813 Words   |  8 Pagescareer paths, Achebe believes Conrad makes an obvious statement that he is Marlow (4). Refuting another argument defending Conrad, some believe Africa was merely the setting for the more important message behind the story of hubris, greed, and lack of restraint that contribute to an unimaginably evil man. Accordingly, Achebe accuses Conrad of having a â€Å"...perverse kind of arrogance in thus reducing Africa to the role of props for the breakup of one petty European mind† (5). Although Africa may onlyRead MoreDr. Miller s Heart Of Darkness1936 Words   |  8 Pagesthese backwards savages into the future and the ways that they can suppress their savage customs. As time goes on, he has finished his pamphlet, but his mental degradation has just begun. Soon, the darkness consumes him and he becomes one who â€Å"lacks restraint in his various lusts,† (Conrad, pg. 57) a savage himself. In the end, Kurtz lives in a hut surrounded by pikes adorned with the heads of the â€Å"savages† and proposes that the final solution to the suppression of their customs is to â€Å"exterminateRead MoreThe Distorted Images in Heart of Darkness4513 Words   |  19 Pagesother in front of him. Marlow’s attitude to their â€Å"cannibalism† reveals his fear, ignorance and contempt. In fact, there is no cannibal in Af rica, and he never encounters cannibals in Africa. He may learn it from others’ words. Marlow treats cannibalism as an everyday custom of the Congolese, even though he probably sees no evidence of it when he is there. On the trip upstream the white men catches glimpses of villages in which ceremonial rites are being performed. Marlow’s depiction of these experiences

Anz Introduction Free Essays

Recommendation It is recommended that ANZ Bank’s management should reconsider customer value proposition, reputation and security risk as a consequence of ANZ Bank recent outsourcing strategy. This report discusses three main issues that ANZ Bank’s management may have to consider if it is to enhance strength and core competency. Customer value proposition Firstly, as ANZ Bank has stressed that ‘becomes a super regional bank’ is a core strategy objective (ANZ 2012), ANZ will have to consider the potential effect for customer value proposition as a result of recent outsourcing strategy. We will write a custom essay sample on Anz Introduction or any similar topic only for you Order Now It has been pointed that the problem of losing managerial control that may arise from outsourcing (RBA tells bank to go slowly 2012). Weerakkody and Irani (2009) suggest that the loss of managerial control may negatively affect the quality of service which will lessen customer value proposition. Based on Porters’ five forces, ANZ Bank is involved in a situation of a high bargaining power of customers (loyalty) and the threat of substitution (Porter 1980). Reduced customer value proposition will enhance power of customers and threat of substitution (Porter 1980). Opponents may suggest that outsourcing will contribute to emphasising competitive advantage (Mcivor 2011). The competitive advantage of ANZ Bank is trade and supply chain (ANZ Trade Supply chain – A Competitive Advantage 2009). Focusing on competitive advantage will enhance customer value proposition (Piggott 2012). It will assist ANZ Bank achieve its business objective. However, ANZ Bank outsourced 50 jobs include a head of human resources, credit officers and business analysts (Wade and Hawthorne 2012). Fail to package requirements and manage contract efficiently will often result in poor performance and raising cost (Scott 2008). If poor quality services are provided and ANZ Bank fail to control this, customer value proposition will be negatively affected. Therefore, the risk of reduced customer value proposition is a significant issue that ANZ Bank should consider. Reputation The second significant issues facing ANZ Bank will be the reduced reputation in light of ANZ Bank sends jobs overseas (Wade and Hawthorne 2012). According to utilitarianism, ANZ Bank’s manager should make decisions not only based on responsibilities to the company and shareholders but also employees and society (Hartman and DesJardins 2006). Staff reduction in domestic industry will negatively impact unemployment rate. The less society responsibility will influence reputation. Applying SWOT analysis to this case, weaken the internal strength of the worthy brand will put ANZ Bank in a less competitive position (Agarwal, Grassl and Pahl 2012). Critics of this issue may suggest that outsourcing is a method for cost saving. Based on deontology, ANZ Bank’s manager has to make decisions on the basis of responsibilities to the company and shareholders (Hartman and DesJardins 2006). Outsourcing is an effective way to execute responsibilities. ANZ Bank (2012) announced that customer focus is a strategy to drive competitive advantage. Indeed, outperformance of customer service will enhance reputation ANZ Bank much more significantly than outsourcing. However, Waters (2012) pointed out that offshoring may cause workforce problem which will threaten the reputation of ANZ Bank. If ANZ Bank fail to outperform competitors with customer service, the reduced brand image may lead ANZ Bank lose market share. Hence ANZ Bank will have to consider the potential problem of reputation. Security risk The third issue that ANZ bank should aware of is security risk which can strongly affect success of outsourcing (RBA tells bank to go slowly 2012). Nassimbeni, Sartor and Dus (2012) suggests that as the foreign organisation may have less protect in a cultural and legal environment, the security risk become more relevant. The security risk increases as sensible data are available for providers, intermediaries and sub-contractors (Nassimbeni, Sartor and Dus 2012). The outsourcing industry which builds relationship with ANZ Bank can make profit through selling customer information to ANZ Bank’s competitors. Based on value chain, leak of customer information will reduce value of service (Needle 2010). Customers may switch to competitors. It can be argued that there is a contract which would protect data and customer information. The contract is legal protection tool to constrain operators (Nassimbeni, Sartor and Dus 2012). However, even if there is a contract, it does not guarantee everything will operate smoothly. The level of legal and judicial environment will affect the effectiveness of contract (Nassimbeni, Sartor and Dus 2012). For example, Vodafone has been suffered customer privacy leaks. It leads Vodafone faces penalties of up to $250,000 (Sydney Morning Herald 2011). Therefore, it is very important for ANZ Bank to consider security issue. Conclusion Therefore it can be concluded that ANZ Bank should reconsider customer value proposition, reputation and security risk in response to the recent outsourcing strategy. Reference List Agarwal, R. , Grassl, W. and Pahl, G. 012, ‘Meta-SWOT: introducing a new strategic planning tool’, Journal of business strategy, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 12-21, viewed 10 May 2012, Business Source Premier. ANZ, 2012, Our company: profile, Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited, Melbourne, viewed 6 May 2012, http://www. anz. com/about-us/our-company/profile/. ANZ Trade Supply chain – A Competitive Advantage, 2009, Australia and New Zeal and Banking Group Limited, Melbourne, viewed 6 May 2012,http://www. anz. com/resources/7/0/70bd2e804fdef847af02ef0c11c71176/ANZ+Trade+and+Supply+ChainOur+Awards+and+Polls. df? CACHEID=beb387004fde32f58226d72c5b851de3. Nassimbeni, G. Sartor, M. and Dus, D. 2012, ‘Security risk in service offshoring and outsourcing’, Industry management and data system, vol. 112, no. 3, pp. 405-440, viewed 10 May 2012, Business Source Premier. Needle, D. 2010, Business in context: an introduction to business and its environment, 5thed. , Cengage Learning, Andover. Hartman, L. and DesJardins, J. 2006, Business ethics: decision making for personal integrity and social responsibility, McGraw Hill, Sydney. Mclvor, R. 2011, ‘Outsourcing done right’, Industrial Engineer, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 30-35. Piggot, L. 2012, Introduction to business (BUSS1001), The University of Sydney, Sydney, 18 March, viewed 6 May 2012, http://blackboard. econ. usyd. edu. au/ @@/81A8AC3019FFF9D178B10ACC0DB F3F0A/courses/1/BUSS1001_SEM1_2012/content/_559616_1/embedded/BUSS1001_Sem%201%2C%202012_Week%203%20Lecture. pdf Porter, M. E. 1980, Competitive strategy: Techniques for analyzing industries and competitors, Free Press, New York. ‘RBA tells bank to go slowly’, 2012, Sydney Morning Herald, 29 March, viewed 6 May 2012, How to cite Anz Introduction, Essay examples

Importance of Organizational Behaviour Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Organisational Behaviour. Answer: Introduction In the context of organisational behaviour, proper decision making is imperative as management of human capital is one of the focused areas of business organisations. The study that shows how people interact within groups is known as organisational behaviour. Creativity and efficiency of a business organisation mostly depend on the organisational behaviour. It is a kind of scientific approach that can be applied to the management employees or workers. The connection of the decision making with the organisational behaviour is the main focus of the whole study. The theories related to organisational behaviour are mainly used for the purpose of maximising the output from individuals or group members leading towards proper management of human resource of a business organisation. By identifying the core description presented in the three selected articles, the study identifies the co-relation of organisational behaviour with the decision making process. On the other hand, similarities as well as the dissimilarities of the articles have been evaluated. Alternatively, some possible reconciliation, integration of the collected information, and practical application of the theories have been depicted in the study. Meanwhile, improvement of the job performance, promotion of creativity and innovation among the workers, increase the job satisfaction, and encouragement about leadership are the key factors for the whole discussion. Similarities among the articles Discussion of the similarities among the three articles must be started with the central idea of the entire study that is the effective and efficient management of the human resource capital of a business organisation. The most common aspects of the three articles are management of the team, leadership to the team, motivation to the team, and control the direction of the human capital of the organisation towards the achievement of the ultimate business goal. The similar concepts presented in the articles are significant for dominating organisational behaviour. In the article entitled Linking Merger and Acquisition Strategies to Postmerger Integration, Brueller, Carmeli and Markman (2016) have mentioned the core application of human resource management process by elaborating how organisations usually make the conversion of human capital into organizational outcomes. Notably, the article reflects effective and efficient utilisation of organisational human resource with proper decision making so that correct people can be placed for the right job at the exact time by providing necessary training and motivation. Also, the management must influence the role playing of employees by imposing a sense of desired organizational behaviour that can lead the whole unit to the taste of success. In the article, Process Studies of Change in Organization and Management, Langley et al. (2013) has focused on how things develop, emerge, grow or terminate over the period of time in the management. Precisely the study describes how to manage and control the organizational change with the process of making decisions regarding the human capital and management of organizational behaviour for the sake of developmental flow of the organization. On the other hand, in the Leading virtual teams, Hoch and Kozlowski (2014) have found that motivating the human capital of a business organization i.e. the workers and employees, through proper performance appraisal process and rewarding process, is very helpful for the accomplishment of the organizational objectives. Through fulfilling individual objectives for the achieve ment of the predetermined organizational aim, management can influence decision making. After careful observation and study of all the three articles, the fact has been cleared out that improper management and control of the most important element of a business organisation i.e. human resource or human capital will make the organisation unable to fulfil its objectives and achieve its goals. If the human capital and the organisational behaviour can be managed in a proper way with correct decisions, the outcome will help the firm to the peak of success. The difference among the articles Though the concepts and general ideas are same, the point of views of each article has described differences in the managerial premises. In their article, Langley et al. (2013) has focused on the risk assessment along with risk management that have been given more priority for gaining stability in the rapidly changing business environment. The study defines that wrong assessment and control of organisational risk is very harmful to the ratio of profitability of the business. The right choice of decisions and planning of the human resource can ensure proper flow of organisational activities and fulfilment of objectives. In the other article, Hoch and Kozlowski (2014) have promoted the leadership structure that has been given more emphasis. Notably, leadership is something that has the power to direct the organisation to the joy of success or the frustration of failure. Brueller, Carmeli and Markman (2016), in the article have expressed how to enhance the abilities, skills and knowledg e for the betterment of performance of the personnel mainly the key personnel of the organization as the key personnel have the ability to accept and get used to fast with the changing situation. Meanwhile, they can transfer the flow of implementation of the ideas actively within the whole organizational activities. The objectives and goals of business organizations are unique and different from each other. The aims have been finalised according to the financial and managerial structure of the business. Moreover, the decision-making pattern of the organization is also dissimilar in nature i.e. each business organization identifies their objectives, priorities, scopes and goals in their different competitive premises (Hoch and Kozlowski, 2014). However, the focus of all the articles is proper control and management of human resource or human capital of the business the reaching path and planning to that goal is not similar. Possible reconciliations From the similar point of view of these three articles, some possible reconciliation can be made through the explanation of some quotes regarding human resource. Based on the articles, only having the best planning and best strategies are not enough for development of the organization but making a proper combination of good things of the mind and heart of different organizational people for the sake of organizational development is really necessary. On the other hand, the lifeblood of a business organization is financial resource. Notably, the brain of a business organization is the human resource that emphasizes more on the decision making process for recruiting the right person at the right time for achieving the desired and optimum outcome of any of the organizational activities (Hoch and Kozlowski, 2014). For the proper maintenance of human resource of a business organization, some important aspects must be remembered so that they will always be able to accept the changes of the internal as well as external environments. For this purpose ensuring appropriate leadership approach is very important as required on basis of particular organizational premise. Management of grievance among the employees and the workers, enforcing proper appraisal of the performance given by the employees and the workers is very important for the desired maintainability of the organizational behaviour (Langley et al., 2013). The decision making of human resources must be influenced through identification, evaluation and attracting them towards the organizational goal. Moreover, decision making depends on the application of required leadership approach that can maintain a good and healthy organizational climate. Integration of the information Integration of human resource planning and the organisational planning for ensuring best possible utilisation of resources, human and material is very important. By maintaining a good and ethical organisational environment through the enforcement of proper behavioural approach within the workplace, the organisational behaviour has increased the potentiality of human resource management (Langley et al., 2013). On the other hand, preparing the organisations human resources to meet the challenges of changes due to technological development and modernization in the internal as well as the external environment of the organisation is one of the most significant tasks of human resource management department. Admittedly, objective of human resource planning also includes making the proper plan for the recruitment and selection so as to cater to the appropriate needs of the business organization so that it can achieve the future development, diversification expansion and modernization, etc (B rueller, Carmeli and Markman, 2016). In simple words, human resource management or manpower planning is the process by which the management of an organization ensures that it has the right number of people, the right kind of people, at the right places, and at the right time, for various operations and in connection with the organizational objectives and goals. Management and control of organisational behaviour in the decision-making context can be defined as a process and also a strategy for the acquisition, utilisation, improvement, retention and maintenance of human resources over a definite future period. By making a balance, the demand and supply of a requisite number of manpower in a business organisation can be controlled. The right calculation of forecasting of future human resource requirements in an organization is made after carefully studying and analysing the past ratios relating to the number of employees of each category, level of production, total sales volume or number of sales persons, activity level or workload level and direct indirect employees of the organization is a very crucial task. Application of the theories in real life scenario According to the articles, leading organisational people toward attaining the predefined goals and objectives is a complex process that is known as leadership. The human resource study implies that people always striving for a leadership position in their professional career. Leadership has that ability to impose proper organisational behaviour to direct the organisational people towards the accomplishment of the organisational objectives for the sake of achieving organisational goals. The most significant factor of a good and successful organisation is decision making. The Proper way of making good decision involves the collection of relevant data and information and accurate interpretation of the information for setting the function sequentially is a very important aspect of a business organisation. For instance, Microsoft enforces some vital behavioural approach i.e. respect for the people, individual commitment to creativity, learning and flexibility, individual willingness to ch ange. Microsoft has properly explained to its employees what means the actual sense of organisational behaviour and why it is so important (Brueller, Carmeli and Markman, 2016). Microsoft has given consistent performance in achieving a high quality of life and high level of performance of the employees simultaneously. Enforcement of social responsibilities and ethics in day-to-day works has made the company globally recognised in their particular field. Microsoft uses modern workplace trends i.e. honest commitment to ethical behaviour, the importance of human capital, emphasis on team work, the significant influence of information technology, respect for new job profile and new workplace expectation and through the application of all of these, it changes the definition of career and job. An organisation is the collection of different people who are working together in the different departments related to different works to achieve a common goal. By keeping this definition in mind, Microsoft creates a sense that the process of gaining knowledge and utilising data and information to adapt the changing business surroundings and business environment to achieve s uccess in the business through organisational learning is a vital aspect of human resource management. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be stated that the proper decision making is critical for maintaining healthy good organisational behaviour in the internal as well as the external environment of a business organisation. After analysing and identifying the key factors of the three articles, some facts have been made i.e. management and control of human capital with proper decision making is imperative for enforcing desired organisational behaviour among the personnel of the organisation. In this context, the focus of the human resource department can be explained as a process which reviews the total system of management programs which facilitate the development, allocation and monitoring all the aspects and activities related to human resource. Also, effective decision making develops a statement of finding with recommendations for correcting deviations and evaluates the current manpower inventory. Similarly, it identifies any deficit or excess compare to the predetermined levels. Finally, the proper maintenance of organisational behaviour builds a sound organisational structure and cordial working relationships with the organisational people to establish an organisational climate and culture of teamwork, mutual respect and a sense of belonging. References Brueller, N., Carmeli, A. and Markman, G. (2016). Linking Merger and Acquisition Strategies to Postmerger Integration.Journal of Management, pp.1-26. Hoch, J. and Kozlowski, S. (2014). Leading virtual teams: Hierarchical leadership, structural supports, and shared team leadership.Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(3), pp.390-403. Langley, A., Smallman, C., Tsoukas, H. and Van de Ven, A. (2013). Process Studies of Change in Organization and Management: Unveiling Temporality, Activity, and Flow.The Academy of Management Journal, 56(1), pp.1-13.